Examine the map at the beginning of the book and discuss with your classmates.
Ask the students to predict what the story might be about. Please note that in chapter one there is a reference to a red dragon and also red coloured runes on the map. If you are using a paperback edition you may not find the red colouring. However, the red dragon, compass points and runes on the left side of the map are all coloured red in the hardcover edition.
What are runes?
Runes are an ancient form of letters used by the dwarves at this time when writing on wood, stone or metal. They were often utilized by the dwarves for private and secret records.
Decipher the rune characters on the top of the first page.
They are easily translated as The Hobbit or There and Back Again --the title of this book.
Decipher the message on the map located under the pointing hand.
The English translation is actually provided on a couple of pages as is mentioned in this introduction. The actual message translates as: "Five feet high the door, and three may walk abreast"
Explain the difference between a goblin and a hobgoblin.
A hobgoblin is simply a larger form of a goblin.
Construct a chart with the rune characters and the English translations.
This may be down in their notebooks or in larger format such as chart paper or construction paper and then displayed on a classroom bulletin board.
Translate the last message found in the introduction.
It says, "Stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks and the setting sun with the last light of durins day will shine upon the keyhole."
Enrichment:
Research how messages are encrypted and deciphered. Invent your own code for sending secret messages and see if any of your classmates can break the code.
Chapter One-- An Unexpected Party
Write a short biography on J.R.R. Tolkien and present it to your classmates.
Young readers might not realize that J.R.R. (John Ronald Reuel) Tolkien and C.S. Lewis belonged to a literary club at Oxford known as the Inklings. They met regularly to discuss their writings including C.S. Lewis' now famous, Chronicles of Narnia. Tolkien was very critical of Lewis' newest work, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.
Who is Bilbo Baggins?
Bilbo Baggins is the central character in the novel and is in fact a hobbit. He is the grown son of Belladonna Took and Bungo Baggins and until the arrival of Gandalf was leading a very comfortable lifestyle in his hole (home) in the ground.
Give a brief description of a hobbit.
Descriptions will vary. Hobbits are beardless little people about half the size of humans. They possess no magic to speak of other than to disappear quickly when Big People are about. They are also fat in the stomach and like to dress in bright colours but they wear no shoes as their feet are furry with leathery soles.
Discuss the significance of the name Belladonna.
The word has a double meaning. On the one hand it refers to a highly poisonous plant while literally translated it means beautiful or fair lady.
What did Gandalf claim to be looking for when he arrived on Bilbo's doorstep?
Gandalf, the wizard, told Bilbo he was looking for someone to share with in an adventure.
What does Gandalf do with the spike on his staff just before leaving Bilbo's home?
Gandalf uses the spike to scratch a strange sign or symbol on Bilbo's front door. The reader discovers that Gandalf has actually made a secret mark so the dwarves will know where to go.
Who began to arrive at Bilbo's home the next day for tea?
Although Bilbo had invited only Gandalf to tea, thirteen dwarves arrived at the Baggins' home the next day for tea.
Give proof that Gandalf has knocked very hard on Bilbo's front door.
Gandalf knocks so hard that he leaves a dent in the door while with the same knock the wizard removes the secret sign that he had left there the morning before.
List the instruments the dwarves used to accompany their songs.
The instruments included: little fiddles, flutes, drum, viols, and Thorin's beautiful golden harp.
What indication is there that Thorin is the leader of the dwarves?
Thorin chairs the meeting and explains to the others the gravity of the situation. He informs those gathered that they may not all return from their journey or adventure.
Explain why Bilbo lets out a horrible shriek and begins to shake like jelly.
Bilbo realizes that should he accompany the others on their journey, he might perish never to return.
What does Gandalf threaten to do if the assembled dwarves refuse to accept his choice of Bilbo Baggins as the fourteenth man for their expedition?
Gandalf threatens to leave the dwarves with only thirteen for their expedition thus ensuring bad luck.
According to Thorin what had happened to his family's wealth?
Thorin's family fortune had been amassed through mining but vanished overnight when Smaug, a dragon, stole all their jewels and gold and slaughtered most of the dwarves before they could escape.
Vocabulary: porthole, belladonna, absurd, discreet, scuttling, flummoxed, wretched, parlour, kindling, fetch, fender, audacious, conspirator, remuneration, obstinately, reverence, necromancer
Enrichment: Make a complete list of the characters introduced in chapter one including their personalities when possible. Working in small groups write the names on chart paper and then discuss with the class.
Create a title page for your novel study guide.
Keep a daily journal about what you think of the novel. At the end of the novel reread your journal to see how your opinions and feelings have evolved.
Chapter Two-- Roast Mutton
What evidence is there that Bilbo Baggins hasn't just been dreaming about a party?
Bilbo thinks he might have been imagining the party until he notices the mess in the dining room and the stacks of unwashed dishes.
What indication is there in the note left by Thorin and Company that the adventure or quest may prove to be perilous for Bilbo?
The note states that funeral expenses for Bilbo will be defrayed if necessary.
Who do the dwarves notice has gone missing?
The dwarves comment that Gandalf has gone missing. The reader discovers towards the end of chapter two that Gandalf has gone ahead to scout (reconnaissance) out the route.
Describe what Bilbo Baggins sees as he approaches the red light.
Bilbo Baggins realizes that the red light is actually a fire around which three trolls (large persons) are sitting as they roast mutton on spits of wood.
Explain the humour in the expression, "I . . . cook better than I cook."
The first cook refers to Bilbo's culinary skills while the second refers to him finding himself in a bit of a stew, cooked for the Troll's dinner.
Explain what happens to the dwarves as they come to Bilbo's aid.
They find themselves caught by the trolls and placed in sacks.
How does Gandalf use his powers on Bert and Tom and William?
Gandalf mimics the trolls voices causing them to think they are arguing with one another. This continues until dawn when the trolls are suddenly turned to stone, "for trolls must be underground before dawn".
How did Gandalf finally manage to open the big stone door leading to the trolls' cave?
Gandalf wasn't having much luck opening the door even when resorting to incantations. Bilbo finally spoke up and offered Gandalf a key which he claimed to have found on the ground where the trolls had been fighting.
What did Gandalf and Thorin each take from the cave?
Each of them took a beautiful sword which they were attracted to because of their beautiful scabbards and jewelled hilts. Although there were runes etched on the blades, they were unable to decipher them.
Vocabulary: trifle, outlandish, fluster, mantelpiece, defrayed, esteemed, paraphernalia, ambled, obliged, cavalcade, primly, mutton, spits, detest, plunder, gnawed, trolls, stooped, suffocated, scabbards, sheath, larder, provisions, incantations, replenishing
Enrichment: Do some research on trolls, dwarves, and wizards. Provide illustrations and make a short presentation to your classmates.
Pretend you are either a dwarf or a troll and write a letter to J.R.R. Tolkien commenting on his novel, The Hobbit.
Chapter Three-- A Short Rest
According to Gandalf, what lay hidden somewhere not too far ahead of the travellers?
Gandalf informed the adventurers that the fair valley of Rivendell, home to Elrond, lay not too far ahead. He informed the party that they were expected as he had sent a message ahead with one of his friends.
Who was Elrond?
Elrond was the great chief elf. He possessed some important skills including the ability to interpret runes (see introduction for explanation) which were etched on the blades of the swords found in the trolls' caves. From these runes Elrond was able to tell that the swords had been made by the High Elves from the West and that they probably came from Goblin's plunder or dragon's hordes.
Explain moon letters.
Moon letters are actually rune letters that can only be seen when the moon shines behind them. Some of them can only be seen when the moon has the same shape and is in the same season as when they were written. These special letters were invented by dwarves and were written with silver pens.
What is Durin's Day?
Durin's Day is the first day of the last moon of the Autumn just before Winter or the first day of the dwarves' New Year.
Vocabulary: forded, solemn, dwelling, ravine, drowsy, faggots, reeking, bannocks, folley, parapet, bridle, palpitating, gruesome, ancestors, venerable, hoard, remnants, cleave, vexed, cunning, crescent
Enrichment: Find rune fonts on the net and download them to your own computer. Write a short note or letter to your classmates and see if they are able to decipher it. They may be downloaded in a zip file. Microsoft Word Programs use .ttf (true type fonts). Check with someone knowledgeable about computer software before installing the fonts although they are usually installed in the Fonts subfolder located in the Windows folder.
Chapter Four-- Over Hill and Under Hill
Explain how the dwarves and the hobbit were able to find their way up the treacherous mountain.
The travellers were assisted by the wise advice of Elrond and the knowledge and memory of Gandalf.
What did Tolkien mean by a thunder-battle?
The author simply meant that a thunder-battle occurred when two fierce storms collided.
Describe what the stone-giants were doing.
The stone-giants were hurling rocks at one another for sport.
What indication is there that the cave might not be safe?
The reader becomes suspicious immediately when the two youngest dwarves, Fili and Kili, only had enough time to give a cursory glance at the caves. Furthermore, the wizard, Gandalf, knew that caves in the mountains were seldom unoccupied.
Summarize Bilbo's dream that evening.
Bilbo dreamt that an expanding crack had appeared in the rear wall of the cave. As the floor collapsed he began sliding down into some unknown place. Bilbo quickly realized there was some element of truth to his dream.
Why was it fortunate that Bilbo had accompanied the dwarves into the cave?
When Bilbo sensed danger he managed to let out a yell which warned Gandalf of the impending threat from the goblins.
What happened when the crack in the wall snapped shut?
When the crack in the wall snapped shut, the dwarves and Bilbo found themselves on the wrong side of the wall.
Explain how the horses, ponies and donkeys all disappeared.
The goblins cooked and ate the unfortunate animals.
Why were the Great Goblin and many of his soldiers so upset when they saw Thorin's sword?
They recognized the sword as one that had killed hundreds of goblins. It was sometimes referred to as the Orcrist or Goblin-cleaver while the goblins simply referred to it as Biter. The goblins hated the sword and anyone that carried it.
Who came to the rescue of the dwarves and what weapon did they use?
Gandalf suddenly appeared with the other sword known as Glamdring the Foehammer. The goblins hated it worse than Thorin's sword and they referred to it as the Beater.
What happens to Bilbo at the end of this chapter?
Bilbo falls from Dori's shoulders striking his head on a hard rock and rendering himself unconscious. (It would not be the last time that Bilbo was knocked unconscious by a rock)
Vocabulary: deceptions, infested, astray, splinters, guffawing, drenched, tinder, flint, jammering, rummaged, ingenious, devices, grudge, hospitable, hordes, scurrying
Enrichment: Tolkien has the trolls speaking with a Cockney accent. Research Cockney Rhyming Slang and give some examples. Discuss why rhyming slang was used and invent some of your own rhyming slang.
Chapter Five-- Riddles in the Dark
Why was Bilbo so frightened when he regained consciousness?
The hobbit wasn't sure what was happening as he was unable to see, hear or feel anything at first.
What does Bilbo find as he crawls blindly along the floor of the tunnel?
Bilbo discovers a tiny cold metal ring that he immediately places in his pocket. Tolkien informs the reader that the ring is a turning point in Bilbo's career indicating that it must be of great significance. Later the reader discovers that the ring can make its wearer invisible. Bilbo uses it on numerous occasions during the story.
Why was Bilbo comforted by his dagger or small sword?
Bilbo had observed earlier that these types of elvish weapons made a great impression on the goblins who came upon them suddenly. In essence, the goblins were in fear of such objects.
How was Bilbo able to see in the darkness?
His dagger emitted a faint glimmer which enabled him to see albeit rather faintly.
Why was Bilbo reluctant to wade in the water?
Bilbo didn't know how to swim.
Who is Gollum and where does he live?
Gollum is a strange creature that lives in the darkness on a slimy island of rock in the middle of the underground lake. He enjoyed eating meat including fish and even goblins when he could get them.
Explain the basic rules of the riddle game.
Gollum and Bilbo (reluctantly) agree to pose riddles to one another. If Gollum loses he must lead Bilbo to safety but if he wins he gets to eat the hobbit.
Explain the power of Gollum's ring.
The golden ring when worn on your finger renders you invisible. Only when exposed to sunlight could one catch a faint glimpse of the individual's shadow.
Why did Gollum hurry right past Bilbo?
Bilbo inadvertently slipped the ring on his forefinger and became invisible.
Explain how Gollum unexpectedly aids the hobbit in his escape.
Gollum thinks that Bilbo has gone on ahead and unknowingly leads the hobbit to the exit.
Why are the goblins reluctant to pursue Bilbo Baggins once he is outside?
The goblins have a strong aversion to sunlight as it makes their legs wobbly and their heads giddy.
Vocabulary: groped, breeches, dagger, glimmer, subterranean, wade, slinking, throttled, prowling, wits, morsel, sacred, antiquity, splayed, resolve, despair, smote, ajar, wedged, giddy
Enrichment: Draw one of the characters from The Hobbit or illustrate a scene. Place the illustrations in a booklet and place in the school library.
Chapter Six-- Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire
What did Bilbo Baggins intend to do if he was unable to find Gandalf or the dwarves?
Bilbo felt that if he was unable to locate his fellow adventurers that he should return to look for them even if it meant putting his own life in jeopardy.
What did the dwarves want to do when there was no sign of Bilbo?
Despite Gandalf's protestations, the dwarves argued that it was Bilbo's own fault for getting separated from the others and that they, the dwarves, should simply continue on their adventure without him especially as he created more problems than he solved. This makes an interesting contrast with Bilbo who is willing to risk his own life to help the dwarves.
How might you use the power of the golden ring if you possessed it?
Answers will vary but some students will quickly realize the temptation to use the ring for "evil" as opposed to more "virtuous" pursuits. "Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely."
Why did Gandalf encourage the adventurers to hurry on their way?
It was getting dark and the goblins came out after dark.
What noise did they hear as they stepped into the clearing?
They heard a long shuddering howl coming from the wolves who had gathered together to howl at the moon.
Explain the significance of the title of this chapter.
The expression means "Escaping one dangerous situation only to find yourself in a similar or worse predicament". Thus the fire would be worse than being in a frying pan. However, according to the narrator, the original proverb stated, "Escaping goblins to be caught by wolves" which is exactly what is happening to this little troop of adventurers.
Why would the ring not protect Bilbo from the wolves (Wargs)?
Wolves (known as wild Wargs) had a keener sense of smell than the goblins and so could find their prey without having to actually see them.
Who helped Bilbo escape into the tree?
Dori, one of the dwarves, climbed down from the tree to allow the shorter Bilbo to stand on his back and climb into the tree. Dori only just barely escaped one of the wolves who snapped at his cloak.
Why did the wolves alert the goblins to the adventurers who are hiding in the trees?
They know that the goblins, unlike Wargs (wolves), are able to climb trees.
Who rescued the party of adventurers from their perilous position in the trees?
The Lord of the Eagles led his fellow birds as they plucked the trapped adventurers from the treetops with their talons and carried them to safety.
Vocabulary: abominable, reputation, shuddered, benighted, nipped, acquainted, dusk, trudge, thyme, sage, marjoram, intervals, boughs, glade porter, clamour, devouring, uncanny, lofty, shafts, bracken, bonfire, shrivel, cinders, talons, borne, tumult, flurry, pale, eyrie, precipice, rendered, yew, famished
Enrichment: Create your own character for The Hobbit and discuss how you would introduce them to the novel. Some readers might have already noticed the dearth of female characters in the novel.
Chapter Seven-- Queer Lodgings
Why did Bilbo pinch the eagle?
Bilbo was quite frightened while riding on the eagle's back and no doubt was simply hanging on too tightly thus inadvertently pinching the eagle.
What announcement caused the dwarves to moan and Bilbo to weep?
Gandalf,the wizard, announced that he would no longer be able to accompany the party of adventurers on their journey.
According to Gandalf what are two possibilities explaining the origin of Beorn?
Gandalf explains that Beorn might either be a bear descended from the great and ancient bears of the mountains or that he may be a man descended from the first men who lived before the time of Smaug. Regardless he is able to assume the skin (body) of a huge black bear or that of a man whenever he desires.
How does Gandalf prove himself to be a great manipulator when he is talking to Beorn?
Gandalf realizes that Beorn doesn't normally invite people into his house especially such a large number. To outmaneuver him Gandalf starts telling their tale to Beorn allowing for frequent interruptions both to introduce a couple of new dwarves at a time and to maintain the host's interest.
What information did Beorn glean in his travels to the wolf-glade?
Beorn captured a Warg and a goblin and they in turn told Beorn that the Wargs (wolves) and goblins were very upset about the killing of the Great Goblin and the burning of the chief wolf's nose. They also informed Beorn that a search party had been formed in order to hunt down the dwarves and take their revenge.
What gruesome sight did Beorn reveal to the adventurers when asked by Bilbo what had happened to the captured wolf and goblin?
Beorn revealed the head of the goblin stuck outside the gate while the skin of the wolf was nailed to a tree just beyond.
What warning does Beorn give the travellers about proceeding through Mirkwood?
Beorn warns the travellers not to drink from the enchanted stream as it causes drowsiness and forgetfulness and most importantly the band of adventurers must not stray from the path or their journey will be frought with peril.
What shadowy form did Bilbo think he had seen on the third evening of their journey?
Bilbo was convinced he had seen the shadowy form of a great bear prowling along in the same direction as the travellers. Gandalf later alludes to Beorn accompanying them on this part of their journey to insure the safety not of the travellers but of his much beloved ponies.
What were Gandalf's final cautionary words as he bade farewell to the dwarves and Bilbo?
The wizard, reiterated Beorn's warning. Thus Gandalf's final message was simply, "Don't leave the path!"
Vocabulary: vain, pinnacles, spirals, outpost, plight, appalling, furrier, plodded, unimpeachable, refuge, heath, perils, veranda, vengeance, gnarled
Enrichment: Give examples as to how Gandalf is able to manipulate various characters in the novel.
Chapter Eight-- Flies and Spiders
Why were the travellers unable to cross over the stream by bridge?
The bridge had rotted and collapsed forcing the travellers to cross the stream by boat which they first had to retrieve from the opposite bank through the use of a rope.
Describe what happened to Bombur as he was about to step into the boat.
A wild deer (hart) jumped over Bombur's head throwing the dwarf off balance and causing him to tumble into the enchanted stream. Bombur immediately fell asleep and would have drowned were it not for the quick actions of his travelling companions.
Explain how Bombur's unfortunate incident slowed their travels.
As Bombur had fallen asleep, it was necessary for the others to carry him.
Explain why Bilbo and the dwarves strayed from the path.
Despite the warnings of the wizard and Beorn, the party of travellers had found themselves without food. After much discussion they finally agreed to leave the path in pursuit of lights they had spotted in the distance hoping to find food. Each time they approached the lights, the lights were quickly extinguished until the travellers found themselves completely lost and disoriented and well off the path.
What did Bilbo discover was happening to him when he awoke?
Bilbo woke just in time to discover that the great spider had been tying him up as he slept. The hobbit quickly fought back and managed to kill the spider with his sword.
Explain the transformation of Bilbo Baggins' character as he renames his sword Sting.
Bilbo has found an inner strength perhaps because for the first time he has not only defended himself but has actually vanquished his foe unaided.
Why is Bilbo horrified when he stumbles upon the dwarves in a dark part of the Mirkwood forest?
The dwarves have all be wrapped in webs and are hanging like cocoons from the tree branches waiting to be devoured by the huge spiders.
Explain why Bilbo was so adroit at throwing stones.
Bilbo had spent much of his childhood hunting small game with stones and he also played the type of games that required him to develop and refine his aiming skills.
Summarize Bilbo's rescue of the dwarves.
Bilbo first threw stones at the spiders to get their attention and then proceeded to lead them off on a wild goose chase. Later he backtracked to the dwarves and managed to cut them free.
Even with his magic ring, Bilbo had to exercise caution as the spiders at one point made a fence from their webs forcing Bilbo to slice through it with his sword.
What do the dwarves discover when they take a headcount?
The dwarves discover that Thorin is missing but they are unaware that he has been captured by the Wood-elves and thrown into a dungeon for refusing to co-operate.
Vocabulary: lichen, ceased, bulbous, taut, falter, venison, lamenting, hart, baying, hind, fawns, disquieting, eerie, tuppence, parchingly, mirth, revive, pantries, stealthily, loathsome, quoits, infuriate, hobble, fortress, dungeon, tilling, sternly
Enrichment: Pretend you are one of the characters in the novel and allow yourself to be interviewed by your classmates.
Chapter Nine-- Barrels Out of Bond
Where did the Wood-elves take their captives?
The Wood-elves escorted their prisoners to the palace of the Elvenking for interrogation.
How did the dwarves react to their interrogation by the Elvenking?
The dwarves became surly and angry and refused to reveal their destination or the purpose of their journey.
What does the Elvenking order his men to do?
Angered by the dwarves refusal to talk, he orders they be taken to the dungeon and placed in separate cells until at least one of them reveals their plans.
How did Bilbo learn that Thorin was being kept captive in the dungeon?
Bilbo who had worn the disappearing ring since the day the dwarves had been captured, was free to tour the palace without being detected. One day he overheard a guard talking about another dwarf in the prison. Baggins immediately surmised that it must have been Thorin.
Who played a key role in the escape of the dwarves from prison?
Bilbo once again played a pivotal role in rescuing the dwarves from a serious predicament. Bilbo stole the keys from the guards after they had consumed some very potent wine and immediately unlocked the cell doors of each dwarf including Thorin.
Briefly describe their final departure from the palace.
Bilbo informed the dwarves about the empty barrels that were dumped into the river on a regular basis to be floated downstream to Lake Town. Seizing the opportunity Bilbo placed all the dwarves in individual barrels or casks realizing too late that nobody was left to place him in a barrel. Losing no time he grabbed onto one of the last barrels dumped by the elves into the river and rode astride the barrel until he and his fellow travellers had floated to safety.
Vocabulary: haste, beeches, desert, clang, hewn, surly, realm, rouse, riot, remotest, nimble, ransom, portcullis, vineyards, butler, flagons, potent, vintage, blundering, adjoining, stowed, stifling, turnkey, casks, jostling, mead, kine, astride, eddying, pier, snivel, suppressed, commotion, fretted, fend
Enrichment: Write a short script of a conversation between two of the main characters; for example, Bilbo and Thorin and act it out in front of your classmates.
Recreate your own map similar to the one at the beginning of the book. Include some rune characters.
Chapter Ten-- A Warm Welcome
Describe the scene as Bilbo approaches the region where the trees ended.
The little hobbit noticed the Lonely Mountain in the distance and he was struck by its ominous dark peak rising into the clouds. Later in the chapter the narrator mentions that Baggins felt the Lonely Mountain was frowning at him in a threatening manner.
Describe the strange town at the mouth of the Forest River.
The town was built on piles away from the shore. It was protected from the swirling river by a promontory of rock which also formed a safe harbour. To reach it one must cross a great wooden bridge stretching from the shore to the town of wood on the water.
What strange creatures inhabited the town?
For the first time in the novel the reader encounters men-- human beings!
Why did the guards at Lake-town not keep a very careful watch?
There really wasn't any need as they were on friendly terms with the elves and anyone else that might have posed a threat lived far away. The dragon was obviously not considered a threat as many of the younger people didn't even believe that it existed.
Why were the raft-men elves so astonished at the appearance of the dwarves?
The elves did not realize that the dwarves had escaped and they were quick to accuse them of sneaking through their woods and annoying the other elves.
Why does the Master relinquish his own great chair to Thorin despite the fact that he is not completely convinced that the dwarf is who he claims to be?
Although somewhat dubious about his visitor's claims, the Master is overwhelmed by the excitement of the townspeople and like any good politician decides for the moment to obey the clamour and at the very least pretend to believe Thorin's claims.
How appropriate is the title of this chapter?
If anything the title is modest in its appraisal of the townspeople's welcome. The citizens of Land-town fed, housed, and pampered the party of adventurers. They placed boats and rowers at their disposal and cheered whenever the dwarves showed their faces (or even their noses) in public. Finally, they sang not only old songs but composed new ones to celebrate the adventures of the dwarves.
How did the Elvenking respond to the news of the dwarves' plans to slay the dragon, Smaug, and capture his treasure.
The Elvenking mused that no treasure would pass through Mirkwood without him having a say in the matter. The king believed that the real intent of the travelling vagabonds was burglary and that they would all probably come to a bad end.
Who was the only person thoroughly unhappy the day of the departure?
Bilbo was the only one unhappy because he could not erase from his mind his initial impression of their eventual destination, the foreboding and dark Lonely Mountain.
Vocabulary: isles, loomed, dreary, bickerings, alluding, ominous, anxiety, shingles, swirl, promontory, drought, draggled, tassel, squabbled, tolls, gammers, comrades, vagabond, molesting, waylaid, enmity, quays, thronged, obscure, pampered, inspired, fortnight, gratitude, circuitous
Enrichment: Pretend you are Bilbo and begin to keep a diary of your adventures. Make an entry at the end of each chapter. You may wish to add maps and illustrations.
Chapter Eleven-- On the Doorstep
Why did the men of the town refuse to stay overnight where the dwarves disembarked?
They were afraid of the dragon and even the disbelievers suddenly had a change of heart when they found themselves so near the shadow of the Mountain.
Describe their surroundings as the adventurers moved nearer to the Mountain.
Eventually all the greenery disappeared and in its place burnt and broken stumps appeared created by the Dragon about its lair.
Which dwarf informs Bilbo that he was in the Dale the day the Dragon attacked?
Balbin recounts how he, Balbin, and Thorin escaped as they were both in the Dale when the Dragon attacked on that fateful day.
What did Bilbo and his companions see on their scouting expedition?
While travelling through the bleak and barren countryside they observed a dark cavernous opening from which the Running River flowed. Upon noticing steam and dark smoke coming from the opening as well, they opted to return to camp suspecting the Dragon might have been lying in wait for them.
Explain how Bilbo begins to take a leadership role in their quest.
While the others are low in spirits, Bilbo, surprisingly, begins to assume a leadership role. It was Baggins too who went on the scouting expedition with Balin, Fili, and Kili. After his return to camp he pores over Thorin's map trying to decipher the runes and he then encourages the dwarves to begin their search for the secret door on the perilous western slopes.
How does Bilbo finally unlock the riddle and the secret door?
Bilbo is reminded of the riddle when he hears the thrush attempting to crack the snail against the stone. The hobbit immediately summons Thorin to open the secret door with his key.
Vocabulary: disembarked, desolate, laden, slanting, spur, bleak, barren, waning, lair, vapour, quest, pondering, marauding, toiled, midday, lintel, threshold, implored, fragments, mishap, slender, reigned, crannies, enclosure, trill
Enrichment: Pretend you are a journalist. Write a news story about the band of adventurers journey and what you anticipate will happen in the days ahead.
Chapter Twelve-- Inside Information
How did the dwarves respond when Bilbo asked for volunteers to accompany him into the Mountain?
Other than Balin none of the dwarves offered to join Bilbo Baggins and even Balin set restrictions on how far he was willing to go.
What took away Bilbo's breath?
Surprisingly, it was not Bilbo's first glimpse of the dragon that took away his breath but rather the immense splendour of Smaug's immeasurable treasures.
Describe the dragon.
Descriptions will vary.
What did Bilbo carry back to the dwarves?
Bilbo stole a large two handled cup from the the dragon's horde and showed it to the delighted dwarves.
How do we know that Smaug kept close tabs on his treasure?
Upon awakening the dragon noticed almost immediately that one single item, the cup, was missing from his vast treasure.
What analogy does the author use when describing the dragon's rage?
Tolkien resorts to social commentary comparing the dragon's anger to a rich person who loses something they have never used before or even wanted yet suddenly they fly into a rage over its loss.
What indication is there that Bilbo is turning into a real leader?
Bilbo Baggins is not only becoming more assertive but truly maturing into a leader as he has become far more innovative with his ideas and plans.
What can no dragon resist?
Fortunately for Bilbo Baggins no dragon can resist the fascination of riddles. Bilbo uses this riddle talk as a stalling tactic to protect himself and also to glean more information from the dragon.
What was Bilbo pleased to see when he tricked the dragon into displaying his underside?
Bilbo was pleased to see that despite his protective covering, Smaug had one vulnerable bare spot above his left breast. This he believed was Smaug's Achilles heel.
Why does Bilbo regret his comment about the Barrel-rider to Smaug?
The hobbit realizes too late that the dragon will associate his comment with the Lake-men thereby endangering the very people who had given the adventurers such a warm welcome. His suspicions are confirmed in the last sentence when the dragon heads south towards the Running River.
Why does Bilbo throw a stone at the thrush?
Bilbo suspects that the bird is eavesdropping on their conversation and he doesn't like the look of him. Later chapters confirm that the thrush acts as a messenger.
How did the band of adventurers become trapped in the Mountain?
Thorin with help from the others shut the door leaving no trace of a keyhole but to add to their troubles Smaug caused an avalanche trapping them inside the Mountain.
Vocabulary: debated, chorus, treacherous, wisps, slumber, coiled, mail, vessels, belched, smouldering, guardian, lust, cowered, draught, cringing, dignity, scorched, perplexed, wrath, whiff, drooping, lore, flattered, sneered, scoffed, antiquated, skulking, roving, grievous, hither, cartage, wily, devastating, gloated, tenfold, flawless, spouted, ghastly, marrow, proverb, dubious, mythical, stratagems, prod, gilded, smithereens
Enrichment: Compose your own poem about the novel and illustrate it.
Chapter Thirteen-- Not at Home
Explain the significance of the title of this chapter.
On the surface it appears to mean that Smaug, the dragon, is not in his lair but more broadly it could mean that Thorin does not feel at home in his former palace.
Why do the dwarves finally relent and make their way down the dark tunnel to Smaug's lair?
They really have no other viable choice as their former exit has been blocked by the avalanche. Thus at Bilbo's urging and with his encouragement they make their way down the dark tunnel to the dragon's lair.
What does Bilbo confiscate from the mound of treasure?
Bilbo who has now become a true burglar decides to keep the Arkenstone, the heart of the Mountain, despite the fact that this particular gem was highly coveted by Thorin. He experiences a sense of foreboding about the stone suspecting that his actions might lead to trouble.
How does Tolkien use the treasure to portray the dwarves in a negative light?
Tolkien informs us that just a glimpse of the treasure is all that's required to awaken greed within the dwarves. Their greed was indeed strong enough to make them forget their fear and become quite bold and fierce. Subsequently, Tolkien attempts to soften this harsh portrayal by stating that the dwarves are more practical than the elves.
What does Thorin offer Baggins as a reward for his assistance?
Thorin offers Baggins a small coat of mail constructed from mithril a very strong and rich metal. The coat is studded with with valuable gems.
In addition to the gems and gold, what else did the dwarves confiscate?
The dwarves were astute enough to arm themselves with armour and a variety of weapons from the walls of the cavern.
Why did Thorin offer to lead the group of adventurers to the Front Gate?
Thorin was familiar with the palace and remembered every passage and turn from earlier days when the palace was inhabited by the dwarves.
Vocabulary: tinged, pallid, wavering, timidly, swooped, fleeting, rekindled, mound, brim, studded, bewitchment, hailed, gaping, adornments, mouldered, furtive, tattered, fluttering, charred, channel, sobered, prosperity, steeple, dominion, perpetually
Enrichment: Compare and contrast The Hobbit with other works of fantasy. Use both ancient and contemporary works of literature. Is there a particular age group to whom the fantasy genre appeals? Explain.
Chapter Fourteen-- Fire and Water
How do the townspeople taking a stroll on the quays, interpret the flickering light at the northern end of the lake?
Many of them believe it to be the King under the Mountain forging gold.
Conduct your own research to discover what a bard was.
A bard was a poet or singer of poetry. In ancient times they were often selected to write and tell stories about heroic feats. The Bard of Avon, Shakespeare, was no doubt one of the most famous bards in the English-Speaking world. The bards of Britain were a very privileged group.
How do the townspeople react to the initial warnings from the Bard?
Initially the townspeople are very critical of the Bard. He is viewed by many as a grim voiced doomsayer for predicting that the glowing light is the marauding Dragon preparing to attack their city. They are quick to accuse him of "foreboding gloomy things".
How does the Bard save the day?
The Bard, captain of the archers, saves the day by killing the Dragon, Smaug, with his last and black arrow.
What important role does the thrush play in the demise of the dragon?
The thrush lands on the Bard's shoulder to inform him that the dragon has a vulnerable spot in the hollow of its left breast--which is exactly where the Bard aims his arrow. Fortunately, the Bard is descended from the race of the Dale, all of whom are able to understand the language of the thrush .
Why does the Master grind his chattering teeth?
The Master is upset when the townspeople reacting to the Bard's courageous feat begin to yell King Bard, King Bard. He needn't be too astute to realize that his leadership is being challenged not so much by the Bard as by his own citizens.
How does the Master redirect the crowds anger?
The Master reminds the townspeople that it was the dwarves, not him, that aroused the Dragon's anger. Upon hearing this some of the townspeople accused the dwarves of intentionally stirring up the dragon's anger.
What did the Elvenking think had happened to Thorin and the dwarves when he received news of Smaug's death?
When the Elvenking received news from his own messengers and the birds he surmised that Thorin of Oakenshield was dead as well.
Who came to the Bard's assistance thus enabling the townspeople to survive the approaching winter?
The Elvenking was quick to respond to the Bard's call for help. He directed the elves to carry a supply of goods to the people immediately and later the elves felled trees and constructed huts to act as shelters for the approaching winter.
Vocabulary: blotted, forging, hotfoot, prophecies, rippled, foiled, quench, twanging, archers, foes, ablaze, thatched, hindered, descendant, foreleg, barb, waxing, mournful, slain, valour, eminent, benefactors, deposed, ample, recompense, widows, orphans, scowled, contrived, carcase, array
Enrichment: In a short ten minute brainstorming session outline the qualities of a leader. Break off into small groups of three or four and select two characters from the novel. Using the various leadership traits discussed in the brainstorming session, compare and contrast their leadership abilities. Characters might include: the Elvenking, the Hobbit, Thorin, Gandalf, and the Master
With some of your classmates act out a scene from the novel. Use a camcorder to record the presentation and share it with other classes in your school.
Chapter Fifteen-- The Gathering of the Clouds
Why would the presence of carrion birds suggest that a battle is imminent?
Carrion birds feed on dead and decaying flesh, something there would be plenty of if a fearsome battle were to ensue.
Who is Roac?
Roac, the son of Carc, is a famous raven. Unlike the crows, the ravens were trusted friends of the people of Thror.
What news does Roac bring to the dwarves?
He informs the dwarves that Smaug has been slain and as a result the people of Esgaroth as well as a host of elves are on their way to claim their share of the dragon's treasure. Roac also warns Thorin not to trust the Master of the Lake-men but rather place his trust in the Bard who is a true man.
What course of action did Thorin choose after hearing the news?
Thorin ordered his followers to fortify the front entrance leaving only enough room to see and shoot.
How does the Bard justify his claim and also that of his men to Smaug's treasure?
The Bard informs Thorin that he is the heir of Girion of Dale whose treasure were plundered by the dragon.
The Bard also plays on the dwarf's conscience by reminding him that the the men of Esgaroth were quick to help the dwarves in their moment of distress and that surely Thorin and the other dwarves could return the favour.
What conditions did Thorin insist on before he would negotiate any terms of settlement with the Bard?
Thorin stated that he would not negotiate under threat of force. The leader of the dwarves insisted that the elves must return to their woods and the Bard and his men must lay down their arms prior to any discussions.
Vocabulary: carrion, afoot, perched, decrepit, croaked, alighted, abroad, caper, fortifying, quarriers, yore, parley, heir, kindred, succoured, repent, sires, quivering, truce
Enrichment: Write and perform with some of your classmates a song that tells the story from the perspective of one of the characters. Be sure to employ a variety of instruments.
Chapter Sixteen-- A Thief in the Night
What does Thorin vow to do to anyone who withholds the Arkenstone?
Thorin vows to avenge anyone who withholds the stone thus frightening poor Bilbo who is now in possession of the priceless gem.
Who was the "thief in the night"?
Bilbo Baggins was the thief in the night.
How was Bilbo able to escape?
The hobbit persuaded Bombar who was acting as night watchman to abandon his post temporarily. Bilbo accomplished this by telling the dwarf he would be happy to fill in for him until midnight as he wasn't feeling sleepy himself. Once the dwarf left, Bilbo put on his ring and slipped down the walls using a rope.
Why did Bilbo give the Arkenstone to the Bard?
Bilbo knew how much Thorin valued the gem and he realized the Bard could use it as a bargaining tool to speed up the negotiations. This would allow Bilbo to collect his share of the reward and return to his home as soon as possible.
Who delights Bilbo with his presence just as the hobbit is preparing to depart the camp for his return to the Mountain?
Bilbo receives a clap on the back from Gandalf who congratulates Bilbo for his actions and assures him that things are drawing to a close.
Vocabulary: avenged, siege, spluttering, sentinels, deduct, betraying, thrice, escort
Enrichment: Explain the expression, "I may be a burglar. . . but I am an honest one". Explain the phrase, "Honour amongst thieves".Is stealing always wrong? Defend your answer.
Chapter Seventeen-- The Clouds Burst
How does Bilbo defend himself against Thorin's accusation that he has stolen the Arkenstone?
Responding to Thorin's words of disdain, Bilbo speaks disparagingly of the dwarves reminding them that he had been promised a proportionate share in the treasure for his service provided during their journey.
Why were Dain's people refused entry to the Mountain?
The Bard refused to let them pass realizing that if he allowed more dwarves to "man" the fortress, it would soon become impenetrable and Thorin would then refuse to negotiate for the Arkenstone.
Why did the dwarf attack against the Bard and the Elvenking end as quickly as it had begun?
The skirmish was shortlived as it was interrupted by the beginning of the Battle of Five Armies. This sudden incursion of Goblins and Wargs necessitated the Dwarves, Men, and Elves, banding together to survive the onslaught.
What role does the hobbit play in this fierce battle?
Bilbo is quick to slip on his ring and he becomes more of a spectator than a warrior.
What is the "gleam in the gloom" and how does it turn the tide of the battle?
Just when defeat for the forces of good seems inevitable, Bilbo's sharp eye catches sight of the eagles approaching.
What happens to Bilbo at the end of this chapter?
Bilbo is rendered unconscious after being struck by a falling rock.
Vocabulary: embassy, idle, heirloom, league, literally, disposed, forbear, redeem, deceit, wary, hauberk, mesh, mattocks, plaited, encircle, astir, tarry, reconciliation, colonies, assault, sufficient summon, multitude, vanguard, feint, onslaught, heedless, scimitars, vampire, levers, restrain, stricken, hideous, corpses, hemmed, hurtling, helm
Enrichment: Debate the following statement with your classmates. Fantasy is a waste of time for most teenagers and adults. Fictional literature should for the most part be limited to children below the age of 12 as it serves little purpose other than to entertain. At the conclusion of the debate, conduct a vote and announce the results.
Chapter Eighteen-- The Return Journey
Who has sent a man in search of Bilbo?
Gandalf, unable to find any trace of the hobbit, sends a man to search in the place where Bilbo was last heard. At first the man is unable to find him as Bilbo is still wearing the ring.
Who has been mortally wounded?
Thorin has been mortally wounded and requests to speak with Bilbo so he can bid him farewell.
What protagonist from earlier in the story reappears to do battle with the forces of evil?
Beorn reappears as a bear and it is he who carries the wounded Thorin from the battlefield. He later rejoins the battle killing the leader of the goblins, Boly, which disheartens them and causes them to flee.
Describe Thorin's final resting place.
The dwarf was buried deep beneath the Mountain with the Arkenstone at his breast while on his tomb was placed the Orcrist or elvish sword.
How do we know that Bilbo was well guided and well guarded on his way home?
Bilbo was accompanied by Gandalf and Beorn.
Vocabulary: notched, hoarse, wept, sorrow, dislodged, bore, fray, fugitives, perished, captivity, mortal, restored, overthrown, abode, hospitality, gravely, Yule-tide
Enrichment: Are the dwarves basically good or basically evil? Write a short essay defending your position.
Create a poster that promotes the novel. Make sure your poster is colourful yet simple.
Chapter Nineteen-- The Last Stage
Explain why Gandalf had to leave the party of adventurers near Mirkwood?
Bilbo discovers that Gandalf had joined forces with the council of wizards to force the Necromancer out of the forest.
What did Gandalf and Bilbo do with the troll's gold?
Bilbo told Gandalf that he had no need for the gold and that he would willingly give it to Gandalf. The wizard however, insists they share it as Bilbo might need it some day.
Explain the commotion that Bilbo discovers as he arrives at his home.
Much to Bilbo's dismay, he discovers that due to his prolonged absence he has been presumed dead and the lawyers have ordered his possessions to be auctioned off. Some of it is returned, some of it he is forced to buy back and some of the items, the silver spoons, are never returned.
Gandalf tells Bilbo he is not the hobbit he once used to be. Do you agree or disagree? Defend your response.
Bilbo has definitely changed with respect to a new awareness of self. He has gained confidence from his adventures discovering an inner strength and determination that prior to his journey, he was unaware existed. Yet he remains the same quiet and unassuming hobbit that he once was as he still enjoys sitting and relaxing as the world goes by.
How does Bilbo Baggins still make use of his magic ring?
No longer used to perform heroic deeds, Bilbo reserves it to protect him from unwelcome visitors who come calling.
Vocabulary: brink, cherish, hearth, gloaming, banished, lullaby, auction, affection, memoirs, refounded
Enrichment: Give a book talk to your friends describing what you enjoyed about the book and what you have learned from it.
Write a new ending or add a new chapter to the novel.
Pretend that you wish to create a fan club for Tolkien's works. Create a web site outlining why you admire Tolkien's books and don't forget to include some of your own illustrations. Contact us and we will link it to this activity.
Copyright 2002
Created by: Brian Thornton, Capo Creations, Box 1411, Haileybury, Ontario, CANADA POJ 1KO
Not to be used or copied in any manner without specific written consent of the publisher All Rights Reserved
